Avian influenza vaccination: the experience in China.

Immunity Against Avian Influenza Viruspanax Ginseng Polysaccharide (GPS) Can Improve Immunity Against H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus in Chickens

The humoral immunization potential of panax ginseng polysaccharide (GPS) against H9N2 avian influenza virus (H9N2 AIV) in chickens was investigated. The effects of GPS treatment before and during H9N2 AIV infection were determined in chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) by MTT (3(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 3-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assays and quantitative RT-PCR analysis of MHC and cytokine...

Control of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza by Evidence-Based Vaccinology: Past Progress, Future Prospect

Background and Objectives: Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses are particularly important due to huge economic consequences and public health concerns. During recent years, because of the severity of epidemics and failure in the control and eradication of HPAI, vaccination has been introduced into the National Prevention and Control Program of some countries, including Iran. This a...

Synbiotic enhances immune responses against infectious bronchitis, infectious bursal disease, Newcastle disease and avian influenza in broiler chickens

Increased susceptibility of birds to avian pathogens in intensive husbandry system has emphasized on necessity of improvement of innate and specific immune responses of birds by the fast establishment of a beneficial microflora and immune stimulator factors to guarantee healthy and low-price products. During this study, 192 one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross-380) in four groups with three replica...

Vaccination of Chicks with Experimental Newcastle Disease and Avian Influenza Oilemulsion Vaccines by ln Ovo Inoculation

Optimizing the process of inactivating influenza virus subtype H9N2 by formalin in the production of killed avian influenza vaccine

Avian influenza is one of the most important diseases in avian industry, which also threats human population. Thus, vaccination is necessary for controlling this viral disease. In this study, killed vaccine of avian influenza subtype H9N2 and formalin solution (for virus inactivation) were used. It is necessary to study the effect of different factors such as formalin concentration, as well as ...